- A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture, Bishop Frederick Justus Knecht, D.D., Tan Books and Publishers, Inc., Rockfort, Illinois, 2003 edition.
- Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament, vol. IX, edited by Mark J. Edwards, Inter-Varsity Press, 1999.
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Second edition, 1997.
- Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture: First and Second Timothy, Titus, Geroge T. Montagaue, S. M., Baker Academic, 2008.
- Catholic Bible Dictionary, Scott Hahn general editor, Doubleday, 2009.
- Ignatius Catholic Study Bible — The Letters of Saint Paul to the Thessalonians, Timothy, and Titus, Scott Hahn and Curtis Mitch, Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 2005.
- Jewish New Testament Commentary, David H. Stern, Jewish New Testament Publications, Inc. 1996 edition.
- Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, vol. 1, Eusebius, "Church History," Hendrickson Publishers, 1995 edition.
- The Archaeological Study Bible, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1984 edition.
- The Anchor Bible Dictionary, volumes 1-6, Doubleday, New York, 1992 edition.
- The Faith of the Early Fathers, vol. I, edited by William A. Jurgens, Liturgical Press, Collegeville, Minnesota, 1970.
- The Interlinear Bible Hebrew-Greek-English, vol. 1-4; Hendrickson Publishers, 1976-1984.
- The Navarre Bible: The Letters of St. Paul, Four Courts Press, Dublin, Ireland, 2010 edition.
- The New American Catholic Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 1990.
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